„… This contradiction, which gives to the new mode of
production its capitalist character, contain the germ of the whole of the
social antagonisms of to-day. The greater the mastery obtained by the new mode of production ower all
important fields of production and in all manufacturing countries, the more it
reduce individual production to an insignificant residuum, the more clearly was
brought out the incompatibility of socialized production with capitalist
appropriation.
The first capitalist found, as we have said, alongside of
other forms of labor, wages-labor ready-made for them on the market. But it was
exeptional, complementary, accessory, transitory wage-labor. The agricultural
laborer, thouht, upon occasion. He hired himself out by the day, had a few
acres of his own land on which he could at all events leave at a pinch.
The guilds were so organized¸that the juorneyman of to-day
became the master of to-morrow.
But all this changed as soon as the mean of production
became socialised and concentrated in the hands of capitalists. The means of
production, as well as the product, of the individual produces, became more and
more worthless; there was nothing left for him but to run wage-worker under the
capitalist. Wage-labor, aforetime the exeption and accessory, now became the
rule and the basis of all production; aforetime complementary, it now become
the sole remaining fuction of the worker. The wage-worker for a time became a
wage-worker for life.
Te number of these permanent wage-workers was futher
enormously increased by the breaking up of the feudal system that accurred at
the same time, by the disbanding of the retainers of the feudal lords, the eviction of the
peasants from their homestaead, atc. The separation was made complete between
the means of production concentrated on the had of capitalist on the one side,
and the producers, possessing nothing but their labor-power, on the other. The contradiction between socialized
production an capitalist appropriation manifested itself as the antagonism of
the proleteriat ang bourgeosie.
We have seen that the capitalist mode of production thrust
its way into society of commodity- producers, of individual producer, whose
social bond was the exange of their products.
But every society, based upon the production of the
commodity, has this peculiarity: that
the producer have lost control over their own social interrelations. Each man
produces for himself with such means of production as he may happen, and for
such exchange as he may require his remaining wants. No one knows how much of
this particular article is coming on the market, nor how much of it will be wanted.
No one knows whether his individual product will meet an actual demand, whether
he will be able to make good his cost of production or even to sell his
commodity at all.
Anarchy reigns in socialized production.“…
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